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David Graddol's seminal 1997 study uses scenario-based forecasting to explore the future trajectory of English globally. It analyzes the influence of communication technologies, economic globalization, and shifting demographics. A core insight: while native English speakers remain significant in number, non-native speakers have already surpassed them—a trend Graddol termed a “tectonic shift” in global language dynamics He challenges assumptions about English's dominance, warning it may be surpassed regionally by languages like Mandarin, Spanish, or Arabic—not through replacement but via the rise of multilingualism .

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245: $a: The Future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century
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082: $a:
100: $a: David Graddol
650: $a: English Language
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250: $b: The British Council
250: $c: 1997
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300: $a: 66